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July 30, 2009

TCP/IP Troubleshooting

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THIS IS A MUST HAVE FOR A NEW TECHNICIAN AND A REALLY GOOD REFRESHER FOR US SUPER TECHS

Troubleshooting is a necessary part of supporting any network installation. Determining and repairing problems can consume a lot of time, especially if you don’t know what to do or how to do it correctly and quickly. This On Demand Web Seminar explains how you can go about troubleshooting different network issues.

View the on-demand seminar here:  http://images.globalknowledge.com/wwwimages/seminars/tcpipts/player.html

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Tech News

SMS Hack Makes iPhones Vulnerable

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A single character sent by text message could allegedly compromise every iPhone released to date. The technique involves sending only one unusual text character or else a series of ‘invisible’ messages that confuse the phone and open the door to attack. Apple has not released any updates yet, so little can be done, except to power off your iPhone to avoid being hacked.”Read more of this story at Slashdot. [Link]

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Tech News

Report finds fake antivirus on the rise.

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Malware posing as antivirus software is spreading fast with tens of millions of computers infected each month, according to a report to be released on Wednesday from PandaLabs.

PandaLabs found 1,000 samples of fake antivirus software in the first quarter of 2008. In a year, that number had grown to 111,000. And in the second quarter of 2009, it reached 374,000, Luis Corrons, technical director of PandaLabs said in a recent interview.

“We’ve created a specific team to deal with this,” he said, of the rogue antivirus software that issues false warnings of infections in order to get people to pay for software they don’t need. The programs also typically download a Trojan or other malware.

PandaLabs found that 3 percent to 5 percent of all the people who scanned their PCs with Panda antivirus software were infected. Using that and worldwide computer stats from Forrester, PandaLabs estimates there could be as many as 35 million computers infected per month with rogue antivirus programs.

About 3 percent of the people who see the fake warnings fall for it, forking over $50 for an annual license or $80 for a lifetime license, according to Corrons.

Last September, a hacker was able to infiltrate rogue antivirus maker Baka Software and discovered that in one period an affiliate made more than $80,000 in about a week, said Sean-Paul Correll, a PandaLabs threat researcher.

A Finjan report from March estimated that fake antivirus distributors can make more than $10,000 a day.

“The general consumer doesn’t understand” the threat, Correll said. “No legitimate antivirus vendor will start a scan automatically on your computer without your consent.”

After all the hoopla about the Conficker threat, researchers seemed almost relieved that it turned out to distribute fake antivirus software instead of something much worse.

This article was originally published on CNET News.

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Tech Tools

Windows 7 Upgrade FAQ

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Almost exactly two years ago, I wrote about “Microsoft’s licensing mess.” Judging by my mailbag, nothing has changed in the meantime. Microsoft has done an exceptional job of designing Windows 7, but a terrible job of communicating how it will be sold. As Microsoft dribbles out details of the Windows 7 release schedule and product lineup, including pricing and upgrade offers, I’ve been deluged with questions from readers about whether they qualify for a Windows 7 upgrade and, if so, what’s the simplest, most cost-effective way to acquire it.

Before I dive into the Q&A section, it’s worth taking a second to clear up the source of much of the confusion I’m encountering. In the often bewildering world of Windows licensing, the word upgrade has two separate and distinct meanings. The first refers to the license that you purchase, which in turn allows you to run Windows on a specific PC. The second refers to a mode of setup, where you keep installed programs and personal data files while replacing the underlying operating system.

Confused? Let’s see if I can untangle things.

I’m currently running the Windows 7 Ultimate Release Candidate. What are my upgrade options?

From a licensing point of view, your installed copy of Windows is irrelevant. What matters is the sticker on the side of the PC. If you have a Certificate of Authenticity for Windows XP or Windows Vista on that computer (or a certificate of authenticity from a retail copy of Windows that has been assigned to that machine), you qualify for an upgrade license to any edition of Windows 7.

As for the installation itself, you are subject to the following technical limitations:

  • An upgrade installation is blocked on the RC build (7100). To perform an in-place upgrade, you must modify an installation file using the technique described here.
  • Because you are running Ultimate edition, your only option for an in-place upgrade is to install Windows 7 Ultimate edition.
  • You cannot change from Windows 7 x86 (32-bit) to x64 (64-bit) or vice versa. If you’ve been testing the 32-bit version and you want to go 64-bit, you’ll need to do a custom install.

I am currently running a licensed copy of Windows Vista Ultimate. Do I have to upgrade to Windows 7 Ultimate?

Again, there’s a two-part answer here. From a licensing point of view, you qualify for an upgrade license to any edition of Windows 7. As far as installing the upgrade, that’s another story. You can’t downgrade as part of an installation, so if you decide to move from Vista Ultimate to Windows 7 Home Premium or Professional, you’ll need to do a custom installation. You can upgrade from any lower version to the same edition or a higher one, with some exceptions. So if you’re  running Vista Home Premium, you can perform an upgrade to Windows 7 Home Premium or Ultimate. [Update: Microsoft has published several documents purporting to describe how upgrades will work and has retracted at least one of them. Until the final code is released, it's impossible to confirm which versions are correct.]

Is it fair that I have to pay the same price to upgrade from Windows Vista Ultimate as someone running Windows XP Home or Vista Home Basic?

No, it’s not fair. But the alternative would be ludicrously complicated.

What’s the difference between an OEM license, an upgrade license, a full license, and a volume license?

Can I just explain the infield fly rule? That would be easier. Seriously.

No? OK, fine:

  • An OEM Windows license is one that’s included with a new computer. The top 20 manufacturers get insanely great discounts on Windows compared to retail costs. This license is locked to the computer on which it’s installed.
  • A System Builder OEM license has a much lower discount but is still a pretty good deal with a new PC from a small system builder.
  • An upgrade license is a discounted retail copy of Windows that can only be installed on a system that already has an OEM or full license.
  • A full license is sold at retail and is intended for use on a computer that was not sold with Windows originally. The price is horrendously high.
  • Volume licenses are sold in bulk to corporate customers, in quantities of five or more at a time. A volume license is available as an upgrade only.

You keep mentioning a “custom installation.” Is that the same as a clean install?

Not exactly. A custom installation allows you to install Windows on a freshly formatted partition, which is the definition of a clean install. But you can also use a custom installation to set up Windows on a drive that already has Windows installed on it, without wiping out the previous installation. Your old system and data files go in a folder called Windows.old.

I’m running the Windows 7 RC. But the pre-order upgrade offer from Microsoft says I have to be running a genuine copy of Windows XP or Windows Vista. So do I have to pay full price and buy a full license?

No. You qualify for upgrade pricing (assuming that the system originally included a licensed copy of Windows XP or Vista and has a Certificate of Authenticity) but are free to do a custom installation.

I am using Windows Vista Home Basic now. How can I upgrade to Windows 7 Home Basic?

You can’t. At least, not if you live in the United States, Western Europe, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, or the rest of the “developed world.” Beginning with Windows 7, Home Basic is available only in so-called emerging markets.

How do I do a clean install without wiping out all my data?

No one knows yet. Microsoft has apparently changed the upgrade rules for Windows 7. When I get a chance to test the upgrade media, you’ll be the first to know.

If you’re confused about the differences between Windows 7 editions, be sure to check out From Starter to Ultimate: What’s really in each Windows 7 Edition? and Do you need more than Windows 7 Home Premium?

Ed BottEd Bott is an award-winning technology writer with more than two decades’ experience writing for mainstream media outlets and online publications. See his full profile and disclosure of his industry affiliations.

Email Ed Bott

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Tech News

MI5 website breached by hacker

MI5 has closed up a flaw on its website that could have opened up visitors to malicious attacks, the UK intelligence agency said.

The website suffered a cross-site scripting vulnerability that could have allowed hackers to inject code into the site and redirect users to malicious pages, MI5 admitted on Wednesday.

However, the government service insisted the website had been secured quickly, and that at no time had any intelligence operatives been exposed by the hack.

“MI5 takes security very seriously,” the intelligence agency told ZDNet UK. “The website is secure and hosted in a high-security environment.”

Last week, a hacker with the handle ‘[-TE-]-Neo’ wrote that the MI5 website was vulnerable to cross-site scripting and Iframe injection. The hacker put the post on the Team Elite hacker forum last Tuesday, claiming the site was breachable through the search engine.

The MI5 site uses an embedded Google search engine, said a spokesperson for the agency, who also confirmed that the site had been vulnerable through the search tool. However, the website is hosted separately from MI5’s back-end systems and is not connected to sensitive data, the spokesperson added.

Once MI5 was informed of the vulnerability, it took action to remedy the situation, said the spokesperson. The flaw was not maliciously exploited and had been limited to that search engine.

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Tech Tools

Microsoft Office 2010 Technical Preview: Hands-on Review

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Recently, I got access to the Microsoft Office 2010 Technical Preview. I spent some quality time over the past week going through the latest version of the suite and delving into all of its new features. In this post, I am going to concentrate on the productivity-boosting enhancements available in the new version. Microsoft says that it has put a lot of effort into productivity and making the product easier to use, but has that work paid off?

Backstage View

Office 2010 replaces the old File menu in all of the applications with something called “Backstage View.” This contains familiar tasks like Save, Print and Publish. However, it also makes a lot of document-specific information including Document Mode, Permissions, Prepare for Distribution, and Versions readily available.

MSO2010_Backstage_view

Backstage View didn’t stand out to me when I was looking over the list of new features. However, I was quickly sold on it while testing Word 2010, because it put all of my important document management information into a single view.

Ribbon Menu Enhancements

While Office 2010 keeps the ribbon menu that was introduced in Office 2007, it now extends across the entire Microsoft Office 2010 suite. While the ribbon has just as many detractors as it does lovers, Microsoft has made many improvements over the version found in Office 2007. In particular, it lets you customize it to your particular working style in each application. The ribbon received a lot of criticism in the 2007 release, but these enhancements should build greater acceptance of perhaps the most drastic Office interface change so far.

Support for Co-authoring

Word 2010, OneNote 2010, and PowerPoint 2010 now include a co-authoring feature, enabling multiple authors to work on the same document at the same time. This is a welcome change from having to use SharePoint, where only one author at a time can check a document out for editing. The addition of co-authoring is really ratcheting Office 2010’s collaboration options.

Improved Conversation View in Outlook 2010

Email management can be a challenge to even the most experienced web worker. To help tame your inbox, Outlook 2010 includes an improved Conversation View, which includes:

  • Show Messages from All Folders
  • Reverse Sort
  • Add Columns
  • Expand/Collapse

I am pleased with the new, more granular Conversation View. The controls are very accessible and usable, showing a definite improvement over Outlook 2007.

MSO2010_conversation_view

OneNote 2010

While it has been part of the Office family since 2003, OneNote 2010 is now included as part of every Office 2010 edition. This is a well-deserved “bump up” for OneNote, and I hope to that it takes the application further into the corporate mainstream now that it isn’t a separate purchase. The latest release of the popular note-taking app sports version tracking, highlighting and Linked Notes.

MSO2010_Linked_Notes

As a longtime OneNote user, these features are very handy.  I can’t wait until OneNote is available on the web so that I can see how it stacks up against EverNote.

Final Thoughts about Office 2010 Technical Preview

My tests of Microsoft Office 2010 show enough productivity tweaks to make it an attractive upgrade. If the upcoming Office Web components live up to their potential, then Office 2010 is going to break from the tradition of Office releases having to compete against previous versions of itself and make a strong first impression on the web office suite market.

[SOURCE]

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Tech News

Windows 7 Ultimate – Cracked

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That didn’t take long. It has only been a week since the official Windows 7 RTM announcement by Microsoft, but crackers have already managed to activate and validate the tricked-out Ultimate version of the OS. The hack is nothing new, as it borrows the same techniques used to bypass activation and verification of previous Vista editions.

According to Softpedia, crackers somehow obtained a copy of an OEM Windows 7 Ultimate disc from Lenovo. From there, they were able to extract two critical bits of information: Windows 7’s OEM-SLP (system-locked pre-installation) product key and the OEM certificate for Windows 7 Ultimate.

But before these can be of any value, one first has to modify a system’s BIOS to fool the operating system into believing that the PC is an authentic OEM machine. This is done by tweaking the values found in the Software Licensing Description Table (SLIC) that is stored in the system’s memory during boot-up.

Once a person has disguised a system as a legitimate OEM machine, the OEM-SLP and OEM certificate allow for permanent, validated activation of the operating system. To Microsoft, the PC is no different from a functional OEM machine–and the “OEM machine,” in turn, has no need to call back to Microsoft’s activation servers for any kind of additional verification. That would defeat the convenient basis behind the creation of SLIC-based OEM activations in the first place.

Just because the OEM disc and keys came from Lenovo doesn’t mean that the crack is exclusive to that brand. According to Softpedia, the crack has proven successful on Dell, HP, and MSI machines as well.

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Tech Tools, Technician Business Tips

Free Resources for Spiffy Documents, Marketing Materials and More

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One way to spruce up your professional image is to explore the world of pre-built business documents and web site templates. There are many good resources online where you can freely download templates for everything: brochures, newsletters, business cards, balance sheets income statements, and more. These are complemented by some good sites for getting attractively designed web site templates for free, and free applications for business document creation. In this post, I’ll round up some good choices for automating these aspects of self-marketing, including several, free, open source solutions.

Themed templates. In this post, I covered Hewlett-Packard’s extensive collection of freely downloadable business document templates. They come in “Business Identity Kits,” which allow you to streamline how flyers, brochures, business cards and other documents look, using common themes. Additionally, if you use Microsoft Office, you can get free themed document templates from Microsoft.

Web design templates. Open Source Web Designs is an excellent first stop if you’re looking for eye-catching web site templates. The available designs have user ratings and comments, too.

A free desktop publisher. If you are going to build documents, brochures and other materials from the ground up, and you don’t happen to have a solid desktop publishing program, look into Scribus. It’s a free, open source desktop publishing solution available for Windows and the Mac, and it has most of the bells and whistles you need to produce attractive documents. I have found it especially useful for producing booklets and brochures, because it has pre-built templates that you can just insert your graphics and text into.

OpenOffice templates. Even if you don’t use the open source productivity suite OpenOffice on a regular basis, you can download it for free for Windows, the Mac or Linux. You can download many OpenOffice business document templates here; you don’t need to be an expert in using the applications to customize and print the templates.

Clip art, photos and images you can use without worries. Images and photos can spruce up most any document you create. You can find a large collection of free clip art from Microsoft here. For photos that you can drop into blog posts and documents without copyright worries, I recommend using CompFight. The site allows you to cycle through various types of Creative Commons licenses available for photos on Flickr, so that you can choose photos that you can reproduce without fear of infringing anyone’s copyright (although in most cases, you should supply a photo credit and mention the license used).

[SOURCE LINK]

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Humor, Tech News

Exposed: the PC repair shops that rifle through your photos and passwords

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When Sky News launched an undercover investigation into PC repair shops, it turned to PC Pro readers for help with identifying rogue traders. As a result, Sky’s cameras caught technicians scouring through private photos, stealing passwords and over-charging for basic repairs. Here is what they found

How many technicians does it take to fix a laptop? Just one, but if you know where to find him, please let us know.

We’d heard there were serious problems with computer repair shops: faults misdiagnosed, overcharging for work and data deleted. So we put them to the test in order to find out why customers were getting such a raw deal and who the culprits were.

The exercise was simple. Create a simple fault on a laptop, load it with spy software, take it into several repair shops, then sit back and see what happened. Would they arrive at the same diagnosis and charge us a fair price to fix it?

First, Sky News engineers installed professional spy software on a new laptop. Spector Pro was programmed to load on start-up and silently record every ‘event’ that took place. If the mouse was moved, a folder opened or a file looked at, we would know about it. Every event would also trigger a screen snapshot to be taken.

We also installed Digiwatcher. This devious little tool auto-runs on start-up and quietly tells any connected webcam to secretly film whoever is at the machine. The process is invisible and the video file is hidden on the hard drive and password protected.

We then filled the hard drive with the sort of data anyone might have on their PC: holiday photos, curriculum vitae, MP3s, Word documents and log-in details. Our laptop now looked just like any other.

To create the fault, we simply loosened one of the memory chips so Windows wouldn’t load. To get things working again, one needs only push the chip back into the slot and reboot the machine. Any half-way competent engineers should fix it in minutes.

All we needed now was our targets. We teamed up with PC Pro readers to track down shops with the worst reputation and took our laptop into be repaired. We expected poor customer service, but nothing prepared us for the first shop we visited.

Snooping on holiday snaps

Laptop Revival in Hammersmith initially offered us a free diagnosis when we dropped our laptop off. Yet the spy software later revealed something extraordinary. The webcam shows that almost immediately the technician discovers our loose memory chip and clicks it back into position [based on recorded boot and shut down times]. The machine is rebooted and the problem solved.

Yet he then begins browsing through our hard drive. A folder marked ‘Private’ is opened and he flicks through our researcher’s holiday photographs, including intimate snaps of her wearing a bikini. He stares at picture after picture, stopping only to show them to colleagues.

He then picks up the phone and calls our researcher. He tells her our motherboard is faulty and will need to be replaced. Usually it costs £130 but he’ll do it for £100. We tell him we’ll think about it and call him tomorrow.

After more snooping, he logs off. But a few hours later, another technician boots our machine. He also begins searching our hard drive until he finds log-in details for our Facebook and Hotmail accounts. With a cackle he removes a memory stick from around his neck, plugs it in and then copies them across.

He also discovers our holiday photos and copies those of our researcher in her bikini. The spy software takes a snapshot of the files on his memory stick. One is called “MAMMA JAMMAS” (urban slang for females with large breasts). It contains more holiday snaps of girls in their bikinis.

Most worryingly, when he discovers log-in details for our online bank account, he logs onto the bank’s website and attempts to break into the account. He only fails because the details we created were false.

Laptop Revival declined to comment when confronted by Sky’s cameras.

Covering up

There were similar problems with Digitech in Putney. Although its staff fixed our fault, they also spent a while snooping. The webcam reveals the technician takes a quick look over his shoulder, before flicking through our holiday pictures. He then attempts to clean up what he’s done by deleting the Recent Documents folder. Digitech later told Sky that it was looking at the photos to test the memory.

There were also difficulties with PC World in Brentford. The technician triumphantly diagnosed a faulty motherboard and insisted we needed a new one. We were told unless we paid £230 in advance, we couldn’t have it repaired. We agreed. But when we collected the laptop and got it home, we discovered only a memory chip had been replaced and not the motherboard.

PC World said the technician “should not have made an assumption about the cause of the fault of the laptop” and offered to refund £200 of the repair fee.

Bungled repairs

Meanwhile, at Evnova Computers in Barbican the loose memory chip was also spotted and fixed. But the company also told us we needed a new motherboard. We declined the offer and collected our laptop. When we examined it, we discovered technicians had soldered the memory bus pins together to recreate the original fault. Evnova later claimed it believed we were from a rival repair company.

We also had issues with Micro Anvika on London’s Tottenham Court Road. It seems the company fixed our laptop then called us to claim it needed to examine the machine to find the fault. We were charged £145. All this for a loose memory chip. Micro Anvika later told us we should only have been charged £95.

Only one shop performed flawlessly. Pix 4 in Shepherds Bush took its time to carefully examine our machine while we waited. The staff promptly discovered the loose chip, popped it back into place and told us with a smile there would be no charge.

Prepare for repairs

So a word of warning. Always back up sensitive data and remove it from your laptop before taking it to be repaired (if you can). Clear the cache of log-in details and passwords and always get more than one quote.

And bear in mind technicians often place all objects in the world into one of two categories: things that need to be fixed and things that will need to be fixed after they’ve had a few minutes to play with them.

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Technician Business Tips

July 28, 2009

Are Your Clients Abusing You?

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Being a web worker can mean learning to handle many facets of running a small business, including dealing with difficult clients, which can often be one of the biggest frustrations that come with the territory. But how do you know if your clients are abusing you? Here are a few telltale signs and tips for how to fix and avoid these situations. The work keeps creeping in. Scope creep is the bane of many freelancers’ lives. You start with one description of what is to be done and end up doing something entirely different, or something that’s way more involved …

[Link]

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